Reflow Cycle via Reliability Impact
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper investigates the impact of reflow cycle parameters on via reliability in printed circuit boards (PCBs). The primary objective was to determine how variations in ramp rate, peak temperature, dwell time, and soak time influence the integrity and reliability of plated through hole (PTH) vias. Using a 20-layer commonly used high Tg FR4 test board with 10 mil through holes, a series of typical assembly reflow profiles based on SAC 305 solder were tested using Interconnect Stress Testing (IST)[8]. Key findings indicate that peak temperature and time near peak temperature are the most significant factors affecting via reliability. The paper also highlights the importance of interactions between variables, particularly the three-way interaction of peak temperature, time near peak, and soak time. The results demonstrate that while ramp rate alone is not statistically significant, its interactions with other variables are crucial. All work was conducted through the HDP User Group International Consortium under the project titled Reflow Cycle Via Reliability Impact, facilitated by Jack Tan. All raw data and full versions of the project documents are available to member companies ( www.hdpusergroup.org ).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".