Approche comparative du bien-être des chiens en captivité : influence de l'environnement physique et social sur le comportement
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are nowadays considered as sensitive beings. However they are still used as experimental model and submitted to a captive environment which is not always suitable to their welfare. This lack of adequacy between behavioural needs and environment can lead to health troubles. The European legislation imposes new rules on experimental kennels, and the notion of enrichment has emerged as a main issue in European legislation on housing conditions. To carry out this notion, actors need a good knowledge on species' specific needs, and have to establish protocols to investigate what type of enrichment is best to use, and to assess its effects on a particular population. This study, based on Golden and Labrador Retrievers from the Myopathy Study and Treatment Unit (UETM) and on Beagles from the pet Carnivore Reproduction Laboratory at the National Veterinary School of Alfort, tests independently three types of potential enrichment on three different breeds, and demonstrate both the benefits and the easiness to install various enrichments, to improve laboratory dogs’ welfare. Dogs in this study showed behaviours revealing a chronic stress, and different types of stereotypies for most of them. During enrichment observations, behaviours seemed to show some encouraging improvement in terms of time-budget and expression of new behaviours, which decreasing behaviours associated with a lower welfare. For example, adding platforms in the kennel could be a good way to offer both a resting place and a watching spot to Beagles. Giving cheese-trimmed Kong ® toys seemed to decrease barking in a Labrador Retriever pair, and could have a positive effect towards chewing and lip-licking in a Golden Retriever pair. Increasing human contact influenced dogs' behaviour towards experimenters, and could be interesting in a rehabilitation protocol to offer a second life to laboratory dogs. Limits of our study are essentially linked to the little number of studied animals and the difficulty to control the experimental environment. However, this work opens new avenues to improve dogs’ welfare efficiently with simple and easy enrichment strategies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".