An advanced geomechanics study to minimize the drilling risks and optimize the placement of new wells for a natural gas and hydrogen storage project in a Southern North Sea depleted gas reservoir
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sixteen high angle wells were proposed to redevelop Rough, a depleted offshore gas field, for natural gas and subsequent hydrogen storage in the Southern North Sea. Kicks, losses and pack off were considerable concerns for wellpath planning and drilling operations due to the overpressure in an overburden interval and the severe depletion in the targeted reservoir section. An advanced geomechanics study was performed to assess the drilling risks by predicting the fracture gradient more accurately for individual well trajectories. It adopts Kirsch equations and incorporates elaborated field stress assessments, rock mechanical property estimation and the impact of pressure depletion based on historical drilling and testing data. It showed that the drilling risks are significantly influenced by both wellbore azimuth and the stress path factor (SPF). Wellbores towards the minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) directions are more favorable than those towards other orientations with a potential of reducing one conventional casing string. SPF 0.6 would diminish the drilling window for the wells towards the maximum horizontal stress (SHmax) directions in the depleted reservoir. The geomechanics study results were combined with dynamic reservoir modelling and the well placement was ultimately optimized for delivering the most efficient storage system with minimised well operational risks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".