Association of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-gamma Polymorphisms in Lithuanian Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) is a nuclear receptor highly expressed in the colon and playing a key role in bacterial induced inflammation. Impaired expression of PPARG in colonic epithelial cells in ulcerative colitis (UC) and increased expression in hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue in Crohn's disease (CD) have been reported. Recent data showing that PPARG was the major functional receptor mediating the common aminosalicylate activities in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) have also reinforced the roles of this receptor in the control of intestinal inflammation. Therefore, any mutation in PPARG gene may be responsible for the increase in inflammatory mediators and hence the perpetuation of inflammation in IBD patients. AIM: to explore two coding polymorphisms in the PPARG gene (rs1801282 and rs2960422) in a Lithuanian IBD population. Material and methods: Two PPARG functional SNPs rs1801282 and rs2960422 were analysed in the study population of 225 IBD patients (UC n=152; mean age: 41.80±17.07; CD n=73; mean age: 35.72±15.38) and 249 unrelated healthy controls (mean age: 43.30±12.39) using ligation-based SNPlex™ genotyping (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) technology. The SNPs were quality-controlled for: genotyping success rate (>90%), allele frequency (>1% in healthy controls), deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (pHWE>0.01 in the control sample). Assessment of all SNPs and single-marker association analyses were performed using the software program Haploview 4.0. Results: Single-marker analysis revealed association between CD and PPARG genetic variant rs1801282 (p=3.26x10-2; OR=1.84, 95% CI:1.05-3.24), whereas no significant association was detected with UC patients. There were no significant differences in frequency of rs1801282 polymorphism in patients with different CD phenotypes according to Montreal classification. For the other PPARG genetic variant rs2960422 no association...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".