Bibliographic record
Abstract
Global warming makes the northern polar region increasingly accessible. Climate change will permit increased exploitation of oil, natural gas and other minerals. The seasonal decline of sea ice cover has raised possibility of large scale maritime trade via Northern routes that would provide great savings in distance and time, and hence cost. These opportunities drew the attention of great countries, like U.S., Russia, Canada, Norway, Denmark even China, Japan or South Korea. All these countries declare aspiration to develop and maintain a region cooperation, peace, stability and prosperity with the exception of Russia. Russia's aggressive actions against Georgia (2008), Ukraine (2014), illegal and illegitimate annexation of Crimea, broke the trust and have adversely affected cooperation between Russia and other Arctic states. Russia put prioritized and expensive effort to rebuild and modernize its military capabilities, including in the Arctic. This military buildup announces some aggressive intent and responsive actions by other states, intended to heighten their security, lead to security dilemma. The work purpose is to conduct research on Russia’s militarization of the Arctic in the context of international territorial disputes. This goal is achieved by combining several research methods: descriptive, document analysis, comparative and summarization methods. Due to the Arctic has geographical / strategic significance and the objective of this work pertains hard power (Russia's military expansion), Realism and Geopolitics is chosen as most relevant theoretical approach to the issue. The conclusions of the paper confirm the hypothesis, that Russian militarization of the Arctic region is based on realistic international relation paradigm, therefore normative international cooperation, peaceful dialog and common interests will not contain Russian expansion in the Arctic. Keeping in mind that four of the five Arctic littoral states are NATO allies, it means that NATO, according Realism theory, must adopt regional containment strategy for the Russia’s threatening military expansion (imperialistic policy).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".