Statistical survey of quasi-periodic VLF emissions observed in the inner magnetosphere conjugated with geomagnetic field fluctuations measured on the ground
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a comparison between properties of quasiperiodic (QP) ELF/VLF \nemissions observed by the low-altitude DEMETER spacecraft and ULF geomagnetic \nfield pulsations measured on the ground by the THEMIS/CARISMA (Canadian Array \nfor Realtime Investigations of Magnetic Activity) system of flux-gate magnetometers \nand by the Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory (SGO) magnetometer. We have \nselected for analysis about 400 QP DEMETER events which were conjugated with \nground-based stations. The analyzed QP events have modulation periods larger than \n10 s and frequency bandwidths higher than 200 Hz.\nA good agreement between modulation periods of QP emissions and frequencies of \nthe most intense fluctuations of ULF pulsations has been found for QP events with \nmodulation periods larger than 40 s. Such QP emissions which appear to be closely \nassociated with coincident geomagnetic pulsations are called QP1, representing \nabout 18 percents of the total number of analyzed QP events. No corresponding \ngeomagnetic pulsations were identified in the remaining 82 percents of QP events, \nand these events are classified as QP2. The maximum spectral intensity of QP1 \nevents does not seem to depend on the intensity of geomagnetic field fluctuations \nwhile QP2 events intensity is increasing with integral intensity of the geomagnetic \nfield fluctuations at frequencies 10 - 500 mHz. The intensity of geomagnetic field \ndisturbances gradually increases with invariant geomagnetic latitudes during QP \nemissions of both types. However, in the case of QP2 type, a rapid rise of \ngeomagnetic field fluctuations was observed in the latitude range of 60 to 65 \ndegrees.\nBased on the observed association between QP emissions and geomagnetic field \ndisturbances, we attempt to estimate the spatial extent of the QP emissions and we \ndiscuss the effect of ULF pulsations of different origin on QP1 emissions in the \nmagnetosphere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".