Bibliographic record
Abstract
Turci Osmanlije nastavili su sa tradicijom negovanja knjige i pismenosti koja je postojala u čitavom islamskom svetu. Osmanski sultani, visoki državni činovnici i verski dostojanstvenici posedovali su bogate lične biblioteke. Biblioteke za potrebe nastavnika i učenika verskih škola i verskih lica najčešće su osnivane kao zadužbine (vakuf) i radile su u sastavu džamija, medresa, tekija i drugih institucija u kojima su negovane islamske nauke i duhovnost. U posebnim poveljama zadužbinara (vakfijama ili vakufnamama) precizirani su svrha osnivanja biblioteke, personal, prihodi i uslovi za korišćenje knjiga. Prva biblioteka koja je imala posebnu zgradu u Osmanskoj imperiji nastala je 1678. godine. U Doba lala (1718-1730) počinje osnivanje biblioteka otvorenih na dobrobit širih slojeva stanovništva. Prve moderne biblioteke nastaju sa osnivanjem Vojne akademije i Pomorsko-tehničke akademije u Istanbulu krajem XVIII veka. Munif-paša, osnivač Osmanskog učenog društva 1861, ujedno je i osnivač prve moderne biblioteke za naučno-istraživački rad u Imperiji. Prva državna biblioteka otvorena je 1884. godine u Istanbulu.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.015 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.018 | 0.007 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.040 | 0.006 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".