Sensorimotor integration in Parkinson’s disease during lower limb movements
Bibliographic record
Abstract
External sensory information can be applied to facilitate balance in Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, in some instances, it can also disrupt movement (e.g., doorways and fast auditory cues). We examined visual-vestibular sensory integration during gait (Study 1) and neural oscillatory activity in response to doorways (Study 2) and auditory cues (Study 3) during foot pedaling. In Study 1, we tested 13 people with PD, 13 older adults (OA), and 15 young adults (YA). While walking in a virtual environment, visual and vestibular perturbations were applied to cause deviations in gait trajectories. We found that people with PD and OA integrated perturbed sensory information and showed more gait deviations than YA. In Study 2, we tested 19 people with PD while seated with electroencephalography. They were required to bilaterally pedal their feet to navigate through a virtual series of doors. Doorway-provoked lower limb motor blocks (LLMB) correlated with freezing severity and were associated with decreased beta and theta oscillations in the left temporal pole. Dopaminergic medications increased beta and theta power in the left fusiform gyrus and reduced LLMB percent durations. In Study 3, we tested 25 people with PD undergoing deep brain stimulation surgery. We recorded in the globus pallidus internus (GPi) or subthalamic nucleus (STN) while they pedaled their feet in a supine position in synchrony with auditory cues. We found that the GPi responded to the sensory aspect of the task, showing tonic beta desynchronization with fast cue frequencies. The STN responded to motor aspects of the task with beta rebounds following motor onset. Overall, we show that i) visual-vestibular sensory integration may be preserved in PD, and ii) motor block triggers, such as doorways and fast auditory cues, are related to decreased oscillatory activity in the ventral visual pathway and increased beta modulations in the basal ganglia. Understanding the role of these neurophysiological changes can open avenues to improve treatment in PD.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".