Ethnic and geographic differences in suicidality in Canadian adults: A population-based study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Understanding ethnic differences in the pathways to suicidality (i.e. suicidal ideation and non-fatal attempt) is important for suicide prevention efforts in Canada. If specific ethnic groups tend to live in certain areas more so than others (i.e. rural vs. urban), it is important to investigate the intersection between ethnicity and rurality and their joint relationship with suicidality. These pathways can be conceptualized within the stress process framework. The study examined ethnic differences in the pathways to suicidality in Canadian adults and whether living rurally impacted on the pathways to suicidality for high-risk ethnic groups. Using multivariate logistic regression and path analyses, we examined the hypotheses that variations in (1) socioeconomic status, (2) social support, (3) both, and (4) the interrelatedness between sociodemographic and clinical factors could explain the relationship between ethnicity and suicidality and the impact of rurality for high-risk groups. Data from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.1 was used. Both analytic methods indicated that Francophone whites and Aboriginals had higher rates of suicidality compared to Anglophone whites. Visible minorities were less likely to suffer suicidality compared to Anglophone whites (both models) but the differences were explained by variations in the mediators (path models). Despite evidence of mediation, the high rates of suicidality found in Francophone whites and Aboriginals compared to Anglophone whites were not explained. The interrelatedness between the mediators and their effects on suicidality differed for Francophone whites and Aboriginals. Furthermore, some relationships differed if these groups were urban versus rural-dwellers. Although urban and rural-dwelling Aboriginals were most disadvantaged, which exacerbated their risk for suicidality, rural-dwelling Aboriginals had stronger sense of community belonging compared to their Anglophone whites counterparts and urban-dwelling Aboriginals. Furthermore, sense of community belonging had a significant direct effect on suicidality in rural but not urban settings. Disadvantages in education, income and sense of community belonging were observed in both urban- and rural-dwelling Francophone whites with levels being slightly lower in rural settings. The pathways to suicidality differed for Francophone whites and Aboriginals and were affected by whether the group lived in urban versus rural areas. Implications for public health interventions are discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".