Structural brain findings in adults with 22q11 deletion syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. 22q11 Deletion Syndrome (22qDS) is a genetic syndrome associated with 22q11.2 deletions and high rates of schizophrenia. Based on brain structural findings in children with 22qDS and adults with schizophrenia compared to controls, we hypothesized that adults with 22qDS and no psychosis (22qDS-NP) would have: (1) smaller ventricular and larger gray matter volumes than adults with 22qDS and schizophrenia (22qDS-SZ) and (2) larger ventricular and smaller gray matter volumes than controls. Method. Analysis of variance and t-tests were performed on MRI scan data corrected for total intracranial volume from 22qDS-NP (n = 7), age- and sex-matched controls (n = 7) and 22qDS-SZ (n = 12) groups. Results . Ventricular volumes for 22qDS-NP were smaller than 22gDS-SZ (p = 0.004) and larger than Control groups (p = 0.04). Whole brain gray matter volumes for 22gDS-NP were intermediate to 22qDS-SZ and control subjects (p> 0.14). Conclusions. Enlarged ventricles in this small sample suggest that increased power to detect differences between 22gDS-SZ and 22gDS-NP adults may lead to the identification of brain structure findings related to the expression of schizophrenia in 22qDS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".