Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis aims to examine the various causes and consequences of childhood overweight and obesity in North America. In Chapter 2, I examine the issue of whether an increase in the mother's work intensity is associated with an increase in the risk of the child becoming overweight or obese for children in Canada. I also attempt to evaluate the causality of this relationship and the potential mechanisms that might facilitate this link. The results presented in this chapter are consistent with the idea that an increase in maternal work intensity in the earliest years of the child's life is associated with an increase in the risk of the child becoming overweight or obese later in childhood for children in Canada. In Chapter 3, I attempt to examine the consequences of childhood obesity outside of physical health outcomes for children in Canada and the United States. In particular, I look at whether weight affects school outcomes for pubescent children in Canada and the United States. I also examine the possible mechanisms behind this relationship. The results presented in this chapter suggest that there are potentially some differences between Canada and the U.S. in terms of how the child's weight affects his or her school performance. There is evidence to suggest that these differences do not appear to be primarily driven by differences in racial composition between the two countries. In Chapter 4, I examine the impact of household income on childhood weight status for children in the United States. In order to control for causality, I estimate various econometric models and implement an instrumental variable (IV) strategy based on exogenous changes in the tax code. The results presented in this suggest that although the prevalence of childhood obesity is higher in low-income families in the sample, household income might be acting mostly as a proxy for other unobserved characteristics that determine the child's weight status rather having a major direct causative role in determining the child's weight status for children in the United States.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".