Plasma Neurofilament Light Chain as a Biomarker of Global Cognition in the Early Stages of Cognitive Impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is an established biomarker of neuroaxonal injury, but further work is needed to determine its clinical utility in the early stages of cognitive impairment. The present study assessed 1) the relationship between NfL and global cognition in n=71 individuals with mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD) and 2) differences in NfL between individuals with mild NCD and n=49 age/sex-matched controls. Global cognition and plasma NfL levels were measured using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Plasma NfL was associated with worse global cognition at baseline (β=-0.276, p=0.032). Longitudinally, baseline plasma NfL did not predict a decline in global cognition; however, an increase in NfL was associated with worse global cognition (b[SE]=-4.81[2.06], p=0.023) over time. NfL levels did not differ in the mild NCD and control groups. Overall, these findings suggest a relationship between plasma NfL and global cognition in the early stages of cognitive impairment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".