Spinning transnational webs: Ethnic entrepreneurship and social networks in the Internet age
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Research on transnational entrepreneurship has emerged since the 1990s. Although social networks have been theorized as the foundation of the transnational social field and the use of new technologies as the key characteristic that distinguishes contemporary transnational practices from historical ones, few studies have explored the relation of networks and Internet use to transnational entrepreneurship. Keyword: Social networks, economic sociology, entrepreneurship, transnationalism, international migration, race and ethnicity, technology and societyIntegrating three sets of literature: economic sociology, social network analysis, and technology and society, this dissertation examines how factors at the macro, meso, and micro levels facilitate or constrain Chinese Canadians' participation in transnational entrepreneurship. Using mixed methods, data were collected through ethnographic study, in-depth interviews, and a random sample survey. Results show that more than 40% of Chinese Canadian entrepreneurs are transnational. The opportunity structure shaped by Canada's immigration policies and China's national strategy of recruiting Overseas Chinese for economic development sets the stage for transnational entrepreneurship. Analyzing the various aspects of networks and Internet use, this dissertation reveals that transnational entrepreneurship is embedded in glocalized networks and facilitated by new communication technologies. Exploring how entrepreneurs cultivate networks, this research contributes to the entrepreneurship literature and social network analysis. Examining immigrant networks beyond the enclaves, this research advances the literature on ethnic economy and entrepreneurship. The significance of glocalized networks makes a strong case that ethnic entrepreneurship is not enclave bounded - spatially or socially. Moreover, this research contributes to the literature on technology and society by revealing both the possibilities and limitations of the Internet for building networks and participating in transnational entrepreneurship. These findings have policy implications for immigrant integration, entrepreneurship, and international trade.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".