Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress as Biomarkers of Global Cognition in Patients with Risk of Vascular Dementia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress (OS) are known hallmarks involved in neurocognitive disorders, but their relationship with cognition in the prodromal stages of vascular cognitive impairment need further elucidation. This cross-sectional study involved 76 individuals with risk of vascular dementia (VaD) (n=60 vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI), n=16 cognitively normal with cerebrovascular risk factors) and investigated: 1) the relationship between circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (plasma ccf-mtDNA), a measure of mitochondrial dysfunction and global cognition (assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)); 2) the relationship between serum markers of OS (measured as lipid hydroperoxide (LPH), 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), 8-isoprostane (8ISO), or ratio of lipid peroxidation) and global cognition; 3) and whether the relationship between ccf-mtDNA and global cognition was mediated by OS. While ccf-mtDNA was not associated with MoCA (B = 0.065, p = 0.794), serum LPH was associated (B = 0.343, p = 0.025) with better cognition, and the 4HNE/LPH ratio was associated with poorer global cognition (B = -0.557, p = 0.023). None of the OS biomarkers mediated the relationship between ccf-mtDNA and global cognition. Overall, this research suggests a potential link between OS and cognition in those at risk of VaD, suggesting further research into this relationship to support potential interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".