Maternal-fetal ABO Blood Group Congruence and Risk of Serious Maternal and Infant/child Infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
During pregnancy, a variety of maternal IgG antibodies are transported across the placenta to the developing fetus, some of which are present at the birth, and protect the neonate against infection. Exposure of the mother and fetus to different (“incongruent”) ABO blood groups may influence maternal antibody formation, and plausibly, affect the risk of serious infection in the infant, and lesser so, the mother. The purpose of this study was to determine if maternal-newborn ABO blood group incongruence vs. congruence is associated with a higher risk of serious infection in the mother, or in her child, within the first 27 days after birth, as well as, from 28 days to 5 years thereafter. This retrospective population-based cohort study was completed at ICES, using linked patient-level datasets. Included were mothers with a singleton hospital livebirth in Ontario from 2008-2022, with known ABO blood groups among the mother and her newborn, and OHIP eligibility at the index birth. The relation between ABO blood group congruence and risk of serious infection was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for relevant covariates, and expressed as adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Relative to congruent maternal-newborn ABO groups, those with incongruent ABO blood groups had an aHR for serious maternal infection of 1.14 (95% CI 0.98-1.35) within 27 days, and 0.95 (95% CI 0.91-0.99) from 28 days to 5 years after birth. The respective aHR for serious infant/child infection were 0.81 (95% CI 0.70-0.92) within 27 days and 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97) from 28 days to 5 years after birth. The results of this study suggest that maternal-fetal ABO incompatibility may influence the short-term risk of infection in the child, and perhaps, the mother, soon after birth.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".