The effectiveness of Young Mothers' Prenatal Group: A quasi-experimental panel study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This pilot exploratory study evaluated the impact of the Young Mothers' Prenatal Group (YMPG) on single adolescent mothers' health and social outcomes. The YMPG provides comprehensive health and social intervention to pregnant and parenting adolescents aged 16 to 21 who are at risk for decreased health and social outcomes. The YMPG is a two-day prenatal seminar with informal prenatal and postnatal case management follow-up, and a one-day postpartum reunion. YMPG is based in one inner-city Toronto hospital. It appears that the YMPG has an effect on maternal confidence but does not have a large effect on young mothers' levels of social support and depression. Future evaluations would benefit from a more intensive intervention, longer-term evaluations, much larger samples and a methodologically stronger design. Young mothers delivering at a comparable inner-city Toronto hospital which does not have an adolescent prenatal program were included as a comparison group. Intervention mothers (n = 37) were followed from prenatal to postpartum status (before intervention, shortly after childbirth, and three months postpartum). Comparison mothers (n = 30) were surveyed at childbirth and at three months postpartum. Three primary outcome variables were examined: social support (Medical Outcomes Social Support Survey), depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and maternal confidence (Pharis Self-Confidence Scale). This research draws on an integration of two existing theoretical approaches (Social Networks and Social Support, and Social Cognitive Theory). Analysis focused solely on the intervention group, using one-way repeated measures ANOVA, indicated a significant time effect from the prenatal to three-month postpartum period in the intervention group on each of the three main outcomes: social support, maternal confidence and depression. In addition, the analysis revealed that inner-city Canadian young mothers are a highly disadvantaged population with many problems including depression, poverty, and housing and food insecurity. The findings from this pilot study, using repeated measures MANCOVA, indicated that young mothers in the intervention group had significantly higher levels of maternal confidence than young mothers in the comparison group at three months postpartum. However, there were no significant differences between the groups in the levels of social support and depression.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.019 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".