Heritage Language Education in Light of the Legacy of Japanese Canadian Internment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Japanese language learning environments in Canada are traditionally oriented towards a Japan-bound conception of identity and language use; however, for Japanese Canadians who have a family history of Internment, dispossession, and forced relocation during and after WWII, a shift towards a historically informed Japanese as a heritage language (JHL) is needed. There is a sense of urgency in engendering this shift, as direct witnesses are beginning to disappear. In this study, I take an archival approach to knowledge creation by utilizing the oral history archives in the two largest Japanese Canadian cultural institutions in Canada, The Japanese Canadian Cultural Centre in Toronto, Ontario, and the National Nikkei Museum and Cultural Centre in Burnaby, British Columbia. My review of the oral histories involved over 63 hours of audio and video recordings, spanning a period of almost 40 years, from 1976 to 2013. The primary recurrent theme is the progressive loss of Japanese in favour of English across the Issei, Nisei, and Sansei generations. Utilizing Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice (Bourdieu, 1991; Swartz, 2013), I conducted an analysis of habitus and the field of intergenerational communication, revealing shifts in cultural capital intergenerationally and the subsequent move towards a doxic attitude of assimilation; this gives rise to the second recurrent theme, the breakdown of intergenerational communication, resulting in obstacles to the transmission of collective memories of the family and discontinuities in cultural identity. These findings necessitate a shift in thinking, from the substantialist view of 'language loss', towards the more relational notion of 'language dispossession'. The pedagogical implication of these results is that heritage language learning should not be approached from a second or additional language orientation, i.e., not from a Japan-bound orientation towards language use, but from a family-oriented approach.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".