Collaborative competitive relationships within an integrated public sector network
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A phenomenon of recent times has been the increased complexity of society's problems and the need for organizations to work together to find solutions while in competition with each other for scarce resources. This has created the need to better understand how organizations can best collaborate under such conditions. A qualitative study was conducted. In all, twenty-one participants were purposefully selected through snowball sampling and interviewed. These were individuals who represented their organizations in an interorganizational effort to address mutual benefits or common interests through a process of information exchange and resource sharing. The nature of interorganizational relationships was determined by each participant verbalizing the contents and meanings of the contacts of his/her organization with other organizations within the action set. Results revealed that organizations that control vital resources to the operations of others are in a position to control the actions of others. They also revealed that social relationships developed through organizational interaction with the environment both facilitate and constrain organizational action. Most notably, organizations in relationships of dependency with the government can use social capital to access social networks in their communities to build countervailing power to change a relationship of compliance to one of collaboration. In addition, results reveled that collaboration is most likely to occur when organizations perceive their actions toward goal attainment to facilitate each other's goals and less likely to occur if there is a lack of perceived interdependence, a lack of shared ideology, and a lack of trust. This study's findings reveal the importance of forging social networks to gain leverage over constraining dependencies in resource dependence relationships. This study examines collaborative relationships in an action set of five national non-government AIDS organizations (NGOs) competing for funds, and having Health Canada as their main funder. The aim of the study was to better understand how social relationships embedded in the organizational environment shape interorganizational collaboration in relationships of dependency and what conditions support such organizational behavior. Resource dependence theory was used as the conceptual schema for explaining organizational behavior observed under conditions of resource scarcity, interdependence, and uncertainty, as these are key variables in relationship building among these organizations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".