Effectiveness of sucrose in reducing pain responses in neonates during intramuscular injection of Vitamin K
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate sucrose for reducing pain in neonates during intramuscular injection of vitamin K. Patients and methods. Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in the labour and delivery unit at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario. One hundred and twenty healthy neonates were recruited between September 2003 and September 2004. Neonates were randomized to receive either 2ml of 24% sucrose or water on the tongue two minutes prior to Vitamin K injection. Pain was assessed using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP), percent facial grimacing (FG) and cry duration (CD). Results. There were no significant differences in neonate characteristics between groups. Neonates in the sucrose group had less pain during the procedure than those in the water group as assessed by PIPP scores, percent FG and CD (p le;0.05). Conclusions. Sucrose was effective in reducing pain during intramuscular injection of vitamin K in neonates. It is recommended for routine clinical use.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".