Segregated in Life and in Death: A Black Woman's Critical Exploration and Narrative Account of Early African Descended Communities and Graveyards in New Brunswick
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This almost ten-year journey of ancestral teachings has become my PhD dissertation. The exposure of the systemic abandonment and erasure of Black communities in New Brunswick, Canada, is the primary focus of this thesis. It centers on the segregation in life and in death of the early people of African descent in Fredericton and surrounding area of the province. I am a sixth generation descendent of those early African families; my fifth great-grandmother Sabina Grant (according to the Carleton Papers) arrived in Nova Scotia in 1783. I speak to the oppression my ancestors endured and, specifically, what happened to their bodies after death. The dissertation provides evidence to show how my ancestors’ bodies were placed in segregated graveyards that were later abandoned or destroyed and their communities erased from the historical record. I include personal poetry and photographs to help illustrate this erasure. This work is an academic, and a decolonization project. My dissertation is guided by my spiritual epistemology and is grounded in anti-colonial and critical race theories. I draw on historical research methodology and multiple methods of primary and secondary sources of data collection from archival, to academic publications, oral histories, and the exploration of six graveyards in Fredericton and the surrounding area of the province. The intent of this thesis is to decolonize the current narratives surrounding the history of my ancestors and to insert more accurate narratives about their lives and deaths, which I will pass on to my descendants and all people interested in New Brunswick Black History. I include recommendations for action by local government and communities to help preserve this historical record, and for schooling and higher education. I conclude the dissertation with a chapter about my community advocacy work, titled “Speaking Back”, which includes a discussion of my successful Human Rights case against racial profiling in an incident in a shop in Toronto in 2011. Keywords: Black History, Segregation, Death, Graveyards, Spirituality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.044 | 0.029 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".