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Record W7133026226

Climate Change Adaptation in Quebec Municipalities: Explaining the Strategy Chosen by Local Governments

2022· dissertation· W7133026226 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Eve Bourgeois

Bibliographic record

VenueTSpace · 2022
Typedissertation
Language
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicSocial Sciences and Governance
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsClimate changeVulnerability (computing)GlobePolitical economy of climate changeClimate change adaptationAdaptation (eye)Climate policyGreenhouse gasEmpirical research
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The scientific community agrees that climate change is rapidly unfolding across the globe and future impacts will be severe unless countries can reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in the next decade. Despite this context, municipal governments in Canada (and elsewhere) have been slow to take actions to reduce their vulnerability to future climate change impacts. Among the ten largest cities within the province of Quebec, most have taken some ad hoc efforts to mitigate the negative consequences of future climate change impacts. However, only four cities have adopted a formal climate change adaptation plan (Montreal, Laval, Sherbrooke, and Trois-Rivières) while the other six (Quebec City, Longueuil, Saguenay, Gatineau, Lévis, and Terrebonne) have not. This dissertation aims to shed light on the different climate change adaptation efforts of six of the ten largest municipal governments in the province of Quebec. This dissertation undertakes in-depth paired comparisons of six Quebec cities: Montreal and Quebec City, Laval and Longueuil, and Sherbrooke and Saguenay. In doing so, the thesis uncovered two analytic findings and two empirical patterns. First, scholars need to pay attention to the first four stages of the policymaking process (i.e., agenda-setting, policy formulation, policy adoption, and policy implementation) to fully understand why some cities have adopted and implemented a formal climate change adaptation plan while others have not. Indeed, some policy stages are more crucial than others, and that the drivers and barriers a policy faces are not constant through out the policy-making process. Second, the size of city matters, and smaller cities (i.e., Laval, Longueuil, Saguenay, and Sherbrooke) do not face the same challenges as larger ones (i.e., Montreal and Quebec City). Third, contrary to one might have expected, climate change adaptation has low salience at the municipal level. Fourth, municipal efforts regarding climate change adaptation follow an incremental process where local governments first take ad hoc efforts, and then adopt, in some cases, a formal climate change adaptation plan approved by the city’s council. This means that some municipalities included in this research project are ahead of others on their climate change adaptation journey. La communauté scientifique est unanime sur le fait que les changements climatiques se font déjà sentir et que les conséquences négatives de ceux-ci seront de plus en plus importantes si les États ne parviennent à réduire leurs émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Malgré ce contexte, les gouvernements municipaux au Canada (et ailleurs) peinent à mettre en place des mesures pour réduire leur vulnérabilité face aux futurs impacts des changements climatiques. Parmi les dix plus grandes villes du Québec, la majorité d'entre elles a déployé des efforts ponctuels pour atténuer les conséquences négatives liées aux changements climatiques. Or, seules quatre villes ont adopté une politique formelle d'adaptation face aux changements climatiques (soit Montréal, Laval, Sherbrooke et Trois-Rivières) tandis que les six autres municipalités (soit Québec, Longueuil, Saguenay, Gatineau, Lévis et Terrebonne) ne l'ont pas fait. Devant cette observation, la présente thèse vise à mieux comprendre les différentes mesures d'adaptation mises en place par les villes et d’expliquer la trajectoire choisie par six des dix plus grandes municipalités du Québec. Pour répondre à cette problématique, cette dissertation étudie trois paires: Montréal et Québec, Laval et Longueuil ainsi que Sherbrooke et Saguenay. Ce faisant, la thèse fait deux contributions théoriques et met en lumière deux constats empiriques. Premièrement, les chercheurs doivent porter une plus grande importance aux différentes étapes du processus d'élaboration des politiques pour comprendre pourquoi certaines villes ont adopté et mis en œuvre une politique formelle d'adaptation face aux changements climatiques alors que d’autres ne l’ont pas fait. Deuxièmement, la taille des municipalités a un impact sur la capacité des villes à mettre en place des mesures d’adaptation. Troisièmement, l’adaptation face aux changements climatiques est un enjeu très peu traité par les médias traditionnels indiquant un faible intérêt face à cet enjeu. Dernièrement, les efforts municipaux concernant l'adaptation face aux changements climatiques suivent un processus incrémental selon lequel les gouvernements locaux entreprennent d'abord des efforts ponctuels avant d’adopter (le cas échéant) une politique formelle d'adaptation par le conseil municipal. Cela signifie que certaines municipalités étudiées sont plus avancées que d’autres dans leur réflexion concernant l’adaptation face aux changements climatiques.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.004
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.012
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.121
Threshold uncertainty score0.876

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0040.012
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.000
Bibliometrics0.0020.006
Science and technology studies0.0090.004
Scholarly communication0.0060.002
Open science0.0020.003
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0050.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.068
GPT teacher head0.389
Teacher spread0.320 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2022
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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