The Consequences of Family Stress in the Work-Family Interface: Three Longitudinal Studies in Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although research on the work-family interface has proliferated across multiple disciplines, two significant gaps remain. First, despite recognizing the bidirectional nature of work-family conflict, the antecedents of family-to-work conflict (FWC), compared to work-to-family conflict (WFC), are still far less understood. Second, an emerging body of work has documented the association between WFC and children’s health. However, little is known about conditions that might moderate this focal association. Motivated by these empirical observations, my dissertation seeks to provide new knowledge about the consequences of family stressors—and their moderating contingencies in the work-family interface over time. In Chapter 2, I develop two competing hypotheses to assess the reciprocal relationship between financial strain, work-family conflict, and psychological distress. The results based on a three-wave cross-lagged model demonstrate that financial strain—a prominent chronic family stressor—at wave 1 is associated with FWC at wave 2. However, FWC at wave 2 and psychological distress at wave 3 are unrelated. Furthermore, WFC at wave 2 fully mediates the association between financial strain at wave 1 and psychological distress at wave 3. In line with this, I conduct fixed-effects models to establish the positive association between family stressors—as measured by financial strain, spousal disputes, and relationship dissatisfaction—and FWC over time in Chapter 3. Moreover, by integrating ideas of border theory with the stress process model, I propose that work-family multitasking can be conceptualized as a family-related stressor that might exacerbate the positive association between family stressors and FWC—and gender might further elaborate the narratives associated with the moderating effects of work-family multitasking. Chapter 4 shifts attention to the moderating contingencies of family stressors (i.e., financial strain, household income, spousal disputes, and relationship dissatisfaction) in the association between WFC and children’s problems with school, friends, and health. The results based on random-effects models demonstrate that WFC is associated with higher levels of children’s problems over time, but household income and spousal disputes moderate this focal relationship—and they do so differently for mothers and fathers. Collectively, my dissertation draws upon multiple theoretical perspectives to highlight the central role of family stress in the work-family interface.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.011 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".