Concussions in Competitive Artistic Swimming: Investigating Incidence and Injury Context through a Community-based Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Artistic (synchronized) swimming is a fast-paced, predominantly female aesthetic sport on which there has been very little research. Despite origins in theatrical performance, the physical demands of artistic swimming have evolved significantly, subsequently increasing the potential for traumatic injury, including concussion. Sport-related concussion is a traumatic brain injury that can result in behavioural complaints, cognitive impairments, mood disturbance, and altered sleep. Despite findings that female athletes may experience a greater rate of concussion, more symptoms, and longer recovery than male athletes, females remain under-represented in sport concussion research. Sport-related concussion in artistic swimming has not yet been examined. The purpose of this research was to explore the incidence and injury context of sport-related concussion in youth artistic swimmers in Ontario within a community-based research setting. First, a retrospective study examined the injury context factors surrounding concussions sustained during artistic swimming. Second, a prospective study measured the incidence of concussion in this population over one season, and further explored the injury context of concussion. The incidence risk of concussion was 1.91%, and the clinical incidence was 1.91 per 100 athletes. The most frequent mechanism of injury was contact with another athlete, most commonly during pattern transitions and highlights. Concussions occurred most frequently in in-pool training between November and March, and in the deep-end of the pool. Valuable sport-specific concussion resources for the artistic swimming community were developed through collaboration with Ontario Artistic Swimming. One of these resources was an injury tracking program. A qualitative study examining coaches’ perceptions of the injury tracker provided valuable feedback for improvements. The important lessons learned from this partnership include the identification of contact between athletes in artistic swimming, findings of concussion incidence comparable to other girls’ sports, and description of the injury contexts associated with concussion in artistic swimming. Exploration of concussion in artistic swimming is warranted to protect the health and safety of these athletes, to expand the research on sport concussion in girls and women, and assist coaches and officials in understanding the nature of concussions in artistic swimming.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".