Isolation of Carbapenemase Producing Enterobacteriaceae in the Greater Toronto Area's Sewage Treatment Plants and Surface Waters, and their Comparison to Clinical CPE from Toronto
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The presence and significance of Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in Toronto's water system remains elusive. We sampled sewage from 5 sewage treatment plants and 7 surface water (SW) locations. Overall, 57/103 sewage specimens yielded 172 unique CPE and 2/7 SW locations yielded 8 CPE. Klebsiella oxytoca was the most common organism(31.9%) and blaKPC was the most common gene(88.4%) identified. blaKPC, blaOXA-48-like, and blaVIM genes were more frequently detected by raw sewage PCR method than filter sweep PCR, or culture method. In contrast, blaNDM genes were detected in approximately equal numbers of specimens by each method. Two Enterobacter cloacae blaVIM water isolates were clonally related to human isolates. K. oxytoca blaKPC clinical and sewage isolates were not clonally related; however, 3 sewage and 3 clinical isolates shared the same plasmid size and incompatibility group(IncFIIA). CPE are present in Torontoâ s sewage and SW, and some isolates are found in both water and humans.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".