Scriptural Relations: The Anishinaabemowin Bible Translations of Kahkewaquonaby (Reverend Peter Jones) and Visions of Christian Co-Existence in Upper Canada, 1828-1856
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This dissertation examines Anishinaabe Methodism in the Great Lakes region of Upper Canada. It focuses specifically on the Anishinaabemowin Bible translations and cultural mediation work of Methodist minister and aanikeogimaa of the Mississaugas of the Credit Kahkewaquonaby, or Peter Jones (1802-1856). Born to a Mississauga mother and Welsh-American father, Jones was immersed in both Mississauga and settler worlds and fluent in the languages, cultures, and customs of each. This dissertation draws out how Jones viewed Christianity as a key spiritual and material resource that could help Mississaugas adapt to the settler world and cope with the poverty and violence their communities faced from colonial dispossession, extraction, and settlement. By building relationships through Christianity—termed “scriptural relations” in this dissertation—Jones envisioned a pathway forward to equality between Anishinaabeg and non-Indigenous people that he hoped would allow Mississaugas to sustain relations to their land, language, culture, and kin. To draw out this argument, this dissertation engages four case studies. First, the materiality of Peter Jones’ 1831 translation of the Gospel of John (completed with Peter’s brother John Jones) illuminates how Jones used the relations embedded in Anishinaabemowin bible translations to advocate for Anishinaabe self-determination. Second, a comparison of how Bible Society editors and Peter Jones authorized translations for use reveals disparate understandings of the stakes of such translations, with Bible Society administrators seeing translations as provisionally useful prior to assimilation and Jones viewing them as a means of preserving Anishinaabe language and culture. Third, an analysis of Jones’ extant sermon outlines show how he used the Bible in his preaching to imagine new Christian futures for Anishinaabeg. Finally, an examination of the 1846 General Council at Orillia highlights how a new model of Christian education—namely, residential schools—violently constrained the possibilities of respectful and mutually beneficial relationships between Indigenous Peoples and settler society, despite Jones’ cultural mediation at the meeting and his significant role in shaping Indigenous policy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.029 | 0.027 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".