Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Impairments to neurodevelopment include cognitive and behavioural conditions characterized as affecting motor, intellectual, language and social functioning. Previous research shows a higher concussion incidence among athletes with neurodevelopmental disabilities (NDD) compared to athletes without NDD. Despite this, there is a lack of concussion education resources, assessment tools and management strategies appropriate for use among athletes with NDD. Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the experiences of youth athletes with NDD and their caregivers during assessment and management of suspected concussions within youth athletes with NDD. Methods: Guided by a constructivist paradigm and phenomenological methodology, audio-recorded, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four youth athletes with NDD and three caregivers. Study eligibility included: (i) ages 12-30 years, (ii) experienced concussion within the last 5 years, (iii) participated in competitive sports and (iv) caregiver-confirmed NDD diagnosis. Interviews were conducted online via Zoom and included a timeline drawing activity to assist participants in recalling their concussion experiences. Inductive thematic analysis was used to create rich and complex descriptions related to core meanings within concussion experiences unique to youth athletes with NDD. Descriptions were supported using dataset examples in relation to previous literature and current research questions. Results: Three thematic categories related to concussion experiences for youth athletes with NDD and caregivers were developed including: the meta-theme (foundational support systems), life experience themes (understanding impairment dynamics and athlete identity), and concussion experience themes (navigating healthcare with a concussion, integrated dyad recovery, and post-concussion emotional well-being). Implications: Enhancing understandings of concussion experiences for youth athletes with NDD can be used to promote more positive outcomes related to concussion education, assessment, and recovery for youth athletes with NDD and their caregivers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".