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Record W7133064340

How Energy-saving Building Designs Influence the Indoor Environment and Affect Learning, Comfort, and Health

2021· dissertation· W7133064340 on OpenAlexfundno aff
Donna Marie Vakalis

Bibliographic record

VenueTSpace · 2021
Typedissertation
Language
FieldEngineering
TopicBuilding Energy and Comfort Optimization
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNatural Resources CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsThermal comfortASHRAE 90.1Indoor air qualityAffect (linguistics)CertificationBuilding designEnvironmental qualityQuality (philosophy)
DOInot available

Abstract

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As building strategies evolve to mitigate climate change, there may be accompanying changes to indoor environmental quality (IEQ). These include dilution of indoor pollutants and changes to acoustics, thermal comfort and to lighting. These IEQ measures are associated with occupant health, comfort and/or performance. My research seeks to understand the nexus of building measures–IEQ–occupant outcomes, with a focus on vulnerable populations. This dissertation is organized as a synthesis of findings from a literature review of field studies in school buildings, and a multi-faceted assessment of the impacts of energy retrofits in social housing. The review encompasses studies of cognitive performance, standardized test scores and absenteeism among students and the association of these outcomes to a diverse set of school building design and operation specifications from a popular green building certification program. The results of reviewed studies are weighted using a modified version of a public health study analysis tool. Indoor air quality is important for student absenteeism, and along with thermal comfort and acoustics is also important for school-aged children performing well on tasks that are cognitively demanding (the review did not consider impacts on teachers). In another facet of my research, I explore IEQ in seven social housing multi-unit residential buildings (MURBs) before and after buildings underwent mechanical system energy efficiency retrofits. Results from the pre-retrofit surveys show many residents experience thermal and olfactory discomfort and discomfort appears clustered together with health symptoms. For a smaller subset of residents, apartments were monitored for thermal comfort parameters such as temperature and relative humidity. A comparison of pre- and post-retrofit modelled thermal comfort based on the indoor monitoring as well as survey answers demonstrates that these energy retrofits have not been effective at improving thermal comfort in most of the buildings. Further analysis shows the carbon impact from the material and energy associated with the retrofits was an order of magnitude smaller than the annual avoided carbon from lowered heating energy use. The implications are widely relevant given the need to reduce our collective carbon footprint and our propensity to spend time indoors. À mesure que les stratégies de construction évoluent pour atténuer le changement climatique, il peut y avoir des changements accompagnant à la qualité de l'environnement intérieur (QEI). Il s'agit notamment de la dilution des polluants intérieurs et des modifications à l'acoustique, du confort thermique et de l'éclairage. Ces mesures de la QEI sont associées à la santé, au confort et/ou à la performance des occupants. Ma recherche vise à comprendre le lien entre les mesures du bâtiment—le QEI— les résultats pour les occupants, avec une attention particulière sur les populations vulnérables. Cette thèse est organisée comme une synthèse des données d'une revue de la littérature d'études au champ dans les bâtiments scolaires, et une évaluation à multiples facettes des impacts des rénovations énergétiques dans les logements sociaux. La revue englobe des études sur les performances cognitives, les scores aux tests standardisés et l'absentéisme des élèves et l'association de ces résultats à un ensemble diversifié de spécifications de conception et d'exploitation de bâtiments scolaires d'un programme de certification de bâtiments écologiques populaire. Les résultats des études examinées sont pondérés en utilisant une version modifiée d'un outil d'analyse des études de santé publique. La qualité de l'air intérieur est importante pour l'absentéisme des élèves, et avec le confort thermique et l'acoustique, elle est également importante pour les enfants d'âge scolaire qui exécutent bien des tâches cognitivement exigeantes (la revue n'a pas considéré les impacts sur les enseignants). Dans une autre facette de ma recherche, j'explore la QEI dans sept immeubles résidentiels à logements multiples (IRLMs) avant et après que les bâtiments ont subi des rénovations écoénergétiques du système mécanique. Les résultats des sondages pré-rénovations montrent que de nombreux résidents ressentent un inconfort thermique et olfactif et que l'inconfort semble regroupé avec des symptômes de santé. Pour un plus petit sous-ensemble de résidents, les appartements ont été surveillés pour les paramètres de confort thermique tels que la température et l'humidité relative. Une comparaison du confort thermique modélisé avant et après la rénovation basée sur la surveillance intérieure ainsi que sur les réponses du sondage montre que ces rénovations énergétiques n'ont pas été efficaces pour améliorer le confort thermique dans la plupart des bâtiments. Une analyse plus approfondie montre que l'impact carbone du matériau et de l'énergie associés aux rénovations était d'un ordre de grandeur inférieur au carbone évité annuel provenant de la réduction de la consommation d'énergie de chauffage. Les implications sont largement pertinentes étant donné la nécessité de réduire notre empreinte carbone collective et notre propension à passer du temps à l'intérieur.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.012

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.001
Scholarly communication0.0020.001
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0010.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.016
GPT teacher head0.267
Teacher spread0.251 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2021
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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