The role of 5-HT2A vs. 5-HT2C receptor subtypes in haloperidol-induced dyskinetic effects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Acute and chronic administration of typical antipsychotic (AP) drugs indures extrapyramidal side effects (EPS) and tardive dyskinesia (TD), respectively. Serotonin 5-HT2A/2C receptors have been suggested to modulate these side effects, but the specific contribution of each 5-HT2 subtype (5-HT2A vs. 5-HT2C) has not been determined. In the first study, acute co-administration of haloperidol (HAL) with 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C receptor antagonist did not produce a clozapine-like c-fos induction pattern in the brain, whereas blocking 5-HT 2C, but not 5-HT2A, receptors attenuated HAL-Induced catalepsy in a dose-dependent manner. In a separate study, chronic HAL altered 5-HT 2C receptor mRNA levels in specific brain areas, while 5-HT2A receptor mRNA levels were unaltered in any region. Chronic HAL Induced higher vacuous chewing movements (VCMs) in males than in females suggesting that this model may not be a good representative of the human female vulnerability to TD. Blocking 5-HT2A or 5-HT2C attenuated HAL-Induced VCMs in males, but not in females. Considering all the data, selective 5-HT 2C blockade may be a strategy of choice for countering both acute and chronic dyskinesic effects of APs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".