Becoming attached: the emerging attachment relationship between newly adopted previously institutionalized Chinese infant girls and their adoptive mothers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The findings indicate that children adopted from China begin to show signs of forming an attachment with their adoptive mothers from early on in the relationship. Initially, Chinese adoptees exhibit few attachment concerns and do not significantly differ from comparison children with respect to attachment security, behaviours related to disturbances of attachment, displays of insecure attachment behaviours or activation of the attachment behavioural system during times of distress. However, subtle qualitative differences were found. Specially, some Chinese adoptees do not actively seek comfort from parents, do not react to pain when hurt, exhibit more extreme behaviours in response to distress, and exhibit high levels of attachment behaviour in non-stressful situations. Over the first 6 months, Chinese adoptees exhibit an increase in attachment security and display more secure attachment behaviour during times of distress. While a handful of Chinese adoptees show subtle signs of atypical attachment behaviours initially, for the most part, these dissipate by 6 months postadoption. In particular, they actively seek comfort from parents, react to pain when hurt, exhibit developmentally appropriate clingy behaviour with mothers, and are better able to regulate emotions. This study explored how a new, and possibly first, attachment relationship between adoptive mothers and their Chinese daughters develops over the first 6 months following institutional care. Thirty-three, 14-month-old infants adopted from China were matched with 33 nonadopted Canadian comparison infants. The process of the emerging attachment relationship and short-term outcomes of attachment development were examined using parent reports and direct observation of attachment behaviours. Attachment security, behaviours related to disturbances of attachment, attachment behaviours in response to everyday attachment-related situations (i.e., when the child is hurt, frightened or separated), and behavioural systems evoked during times of distress were explored over time. In general, the increased risk for attachment concerns, often associated with internationally adopted children, is not characteristic of most Chinese adoptees. The moderate emotional deprivation experienced by children adopted from Chinese institutions does not appear to hinder their ability to readily form a mother-child attachment relationship. Attachment appears open to rapid change, even after an age when attachment relationships have typically been established.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".