Persistent Place-Making in the Ancestral Wabanaki Homeland: Washademoak Multi-coloured Chert and the Belyeas Cove Quarry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lithic quarries are significant places for hunter-fisher-gatherers; they are persistent places which offer critical tools for survival, and their archaeology often speaks to millennia of human engagements with past landscapes. Despite this, much of quarry research has been framed through a positivist lens which de-emphasizes the ways in which stone mediates both social and economic relationships and plays important roles in the ritual lives of many groups. This thesis explores how lithic resources, and the bedrock sources for those resources, offer a space for understanding Ancestral Wabanaki place-making and how groups interacted with, and constructed their past landscapes. I focus on the known bedrock source for Washademoak Multi-coloured Chert (WMCC) at Belyeas Cove, Washademoak Lake, in the Lower Wolastoq region, New Brunswick, Canada. Using a dataset of 148 archaeological sites spanning from the Palaeoindian period through to the 18th century, I argue the procurement, preparation, distribution, and use—the circulation—of Washademoak Chert maps Ancestral Wabanaki relationships within the Maritime Peninsula and beyond. These data document trade patterns, ritual, domestic life, and the ways Wabanaki participated in and reconfigured wide-ranging cultural phenomena, particularly so during the Maritime Woodland period (3000–500 cal BP). Persistent place-making is built through mutually constituted relationships between people, their landscapes, and the things they create. The circulation of those things builds connections to, and between, places and can be thought of as a type of portable place-making. By tracking the distribution of WMCC through time and space, this research explores the relationship between past peoples and their landscapes—natural and social—how those relationships were mediated through materials like stone, and how actions like quarrying, preparing, and circulating or exchanging stone were part of persistent place-making at the Belyeas Cove quarry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".