Environmental Risk Assessment of the GloFish® Electric Green®, Moonrise Pink®, and Sunburst Orange® Bettas : Three Lines of Transgenic Ornamental Fish
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pursuant to the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA), a notification under the New Substances Notification Regulations (Organisms) (NSNR(O)) was submitted by Spectrum Brands to Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) for the import of three genetically engineered Betta splendens called the GloFish® Electric Green® Betta (GBS2019), Moonrise Pink® Betta (PiBS2019) and Sunburst Orange® Betta (OBS2019) for commercial sales in Canada. The environmental risk assessment analyzed potential hazards, likelihood of exposure and associated uncertainties, to reach a conclusion on risk. The environmental exposure assessment concluded that the occurrence of GBS2019, PiBS2019 and OBS2019 in the Canadian environment, outside of aquaria, is expected to be rare, isolated, and ephemeral due to its inability to survive typical low winter temperatures in Canada’s freshwater environments. Consequently, the likelihood of exposure to the Canadian environment is ranked low. Uncertainty associated with the exposure assessment is low, given the available data for temperature tolerance of the notified line and relevant comparators, and lack of establishment of non-transgenic B. splendens in North America despite a long history of use. The environmental hazard assessment concluded that potential hazards linked with environmental toxicity, trophic interactions, hybridization, disease, biodiversity, biogeochemical cycling, and habitat are negligible. There is low hazard (i.e., no anticipated harmful effects) related with horizontal gene transfer. Uncertainty associated with the environmental hazard ratings range from negligible to moderate due to data limitations for the notified and surrogate organisms, and some reliance on expert opinion and anecdotal evidence. The use of guide RNA and Cas9 during line creation may have resulted in off-target mutations in the GloFish® Betta populations, adding to uncertainty in the hazard assessment, but without altering the overall conclusions on risk. There is low risk of adverse environmental effects at the exposure levels predicted for the Canadian environment from the use of GBS2019, PiBS2019 and OBS2019 as ornamental aquarium fish, or other potential uses.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".