"For gorsake, stop laughing! This is serious": The British World as a Community of Cartooning and Satirical Art
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Regarded by Arthur Balfour as "one of the great sources" from which historians might "judge…the trend and character of English thought and life,"1 cartoons have peppered the works of British World history over the past two decades. They have been used to illustrate everything from the imagining of Canadian relations with Britain and the United States;2 attitudes towards the "naked natives and noble savages" of Africa;3 and the "everyday Britishness" of women's lives in 1914-1918.4 It is scarcely possible to imagine British expansion in Africa without Linley Sambourne's "Rhodes Colossus",5 and Chris Holdridge has been particularly active in identifying the importance of satire for British identity in the Cape Colony.6 However, the worldwide British practice and culture of satirical art, cartooning, and caricature, has scarcely been studied. This is surprising, because if it is true that the newspaper was "a core institution" for the "reification of local customs and peoples, the making of colonies of laws and legislation, and imagining new narratives of community,"7 then alongside it and within it, satirical prints, magazines, caricatures, and cartoons were just as crucial.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.033 | 0.005 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".