Overview of the European supercritical-water-cooled small modular reactor concept
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the European Supercritical-Water-Cooled Small Modular Reactor (SCW-SMR) concept developed within the ECC-SMART project, a joint European-Canadian-Chinese initiative. The 290 MWth reactor operates at 25 MPa with a core outlet temperature of 500 °C, achieving 44 % net thermal efficiency. The innovative horizontal fuel-assembly arrangement with seven heat-up stages and intermediate mixing plenums enables fully passive decay heat removal through natural circulation, even without operator intervention or external power for >72 hours. The compact pressure vessel (4.17 m inner diameter) contains 400 fuel assemblies in a 20×20 square lattice. System-level safety analyses demonstrate that all design-basis accidents are mitigated exclusively by passive systems, eliminating the need for high-pressure injection. The large subcooled water inventory and unique in-vessel natural circulation patterns limit peak cladding temperatures to <625 °C in normal operation and <780 °C during accidents. By integrating the high efficiency of supercritical-water cooling with inherently safe, fully passive features, the ECC-SMART SCW-SMR offers a promising Generation IV solution tailored to European energy and safety requirements.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".