Plant-based Exosomes for Skin Repair: Modulating Inflammatory Cell Count in an Experimental Wound Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the effect of locally injected plant-derived exosomes on inflammatory cell dynamics during skin wound healing in a rat model. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four adult Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into two groups ( n =12 each). A standardized 1-cm full-thickness incision was created on the ventral surface of the forelimbs in all animals. Group 1 served as the control with no additional treatment, while Group 2 received intradermal injections of plant-derived exosomes (Exoline Exosomes®, Abiomaterials Co., Ltd., South Korea) directly into the wound bed immediately after incision. Biopsy samples were collected under anesthesia at baseline, day 7, and day 14 post-wounding. Histological analysis using Hematoxylin and Eosin staining quantified inflammatory cell infiltration. Histological evaluation was conducted by a blinded pathologist to minimize observer bias. Results: The group treated with plant-derived exosomes exhibited a marked reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration at all observed time points compared to the control group. Histological analysis revealed that wounds in the exosome-treated animals demonstrated more organized tissue architecture and a faster resolution of the inflammatory phase. These findings suggest that exosome administration effectively modulates the local immune response, promoting accelerated wound healing. Conclusion: Intradermal injection of plant-derived exosomes significantly modulates the inflammatory phase of skin wound healing, reducing inflammatory cell infiltration and enhancing tissue regeneration. These findings support the potential of plant-based exosomes as a novel, safe, and effective therapy for promoting cutaneous wound repair.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".