Laboratory Rearing Techniques of the Ostrinia furnacalis and Their Ap-plication in Bt Toxin Bioassays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, an artificial population of Asian corn borer ( Ostrinia furnacalis ) was established under laboratory conditions to provide the insect source required for Bt toxin bioassay. The initial insect source was obtained by collecting larvae and pupae from the field. Under the conditions of constant temperature of 26 ℃, relative humidity of 70%~90%, and photoperiod of 10 L: 14 D, the larvae were fed with fresh corn ears every day and their feeding and development processes were observed. It was observed that under laboratory conditions, it takes about 34~37 days for Ostrinia furnacalis to complete a generation. The average generation period of females is 36.2 ± 0.72 days, and that of males is 34.8 ± 0.72 days. The larval stage is 17~19 days, the pupal stage is 7-9 days, and the adult lifespan is 5~7 days. The larvae go through 5 instars, and the width of the head shell and the body length of each instar are significantly different. The investigation found that the feeding sites of larvae of different ages on corn plants were different. The second-instar larvae had a wider feeding range, while the older larvae mostly bored into the inside of the corn stalks to cause damage. In addition, the tolerance of larvae to Bt toxins increased with age. The established laboratory rearing method can efficiently cultivate consecutive generations of Asian corn borer, providing a standardized insect source for Bt toxin bioassay and resistance monitoring.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".