Water quality, aquatic metabolism, and geochemical weathering in proglacial rivers on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mountains are widely regarded as Earth’s water towers, supplying up to 50% of global freshwaters for crucial ecosystem goods and services. Yet, alpine glaciers are vulnerable to climate change and their number and size are expected to decline dramatically within the current century. Though it is well understood that a decrease in glacier mass will have direct consequences on the quantity of glacial meltwaters, how this may impact downriver water quality and ecosystem function is less understood. Thus, we assembled a comprehensive and multidimensional dataset for three major glacier-fed rivers on the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, where up to 85% of glaciers are expected to disappear by 2100. Data was collected over three years (2019-2021) at 14 sampling sites established along the three study rivers, beginning near their source glacier and then at multiple sites up to 100 kilometers downriver. The overarching objectives of this research program were to: (1) Quantify spatial, seasonal, and interannual patterns in proglacial freshwater physicochemistry and quality using 45+ biogeochemical parameters; (2) Quantify seasonal changes in aquatic metabolism using both the one-station diel dissolved O2 (dO2) method and dO2 isotopes; and (3) Determine if geochemical weathering is driving a portion of the CO2 cycling in these rivers with in situ CO2 measures in conjunction with carbon and sulfate isotopes. Though results indicate low concentrations of almost every measured chemical constituent, difference in annual discharge resulted in different interannual constituent yields and exports. Diel values and variations in dO2 and dO2 isotopes suggested that aquatic respiration dominated over low levels of primary productivity at our study sites. Finally, our results confirmed the presence of geochemical weathering at all sampling sites, with isotope data indicating that carbonate weathering was dominant in our study system. These combined datasets will be the most comprehensive record of freshwater quality and ecosystem function ever documented for the headwaters of these important Canadian rivers, with the potential to help shape watershed policy and act as a reference for those investigating changes to this rapidly changing alpine region in the future.<br/>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".