Decision of the World Trade Organisation: Questions of Interpretation and the Influence on International Trade Practice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The World Trade Organization ("WTO") and its dispute resolution systém is unique in the international economic law, reasons are following: (i) enforcement, (ii) two-level proceding, (iii) exclusive jurisdiction of the Dispute Settlement Body ("DSU"). DSU continues to follow the case law based on GATT 1947 however develops more complex rule of law. How successful DSB is in this task is subject of examination of the thesis. Thesis is divided into two parts: theoritecal and practical. First chapter explains aim of the DSU, comparison of procedural rules with GATT 1947. Following, the second chapter explains the hard law and procedural rules, function and aim of WTO, followed by ideas for improvement of the dispute settlement. Last chapter of this parts is dedicated to methods of interpretation. The second part, practical, analyses the case law of DSU from its establishment in 1995 until now. It analyses possible conflicts between agreements of WTO or conflicts that arise during acting based on the agreements. Among the first cases belong the discrepancies between main 3 agreements - GATT 1994, GATS and TRIPS and cases such as Canada - Periodicals or Argentina- Textiles and Apparel, Indonesia - Auto; another group of cases represents isme of conflict between WTO agreement and other agreement of public...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.018 | 0.033 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.067 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.021 | 0.016 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".