Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bassoon is woodwind instrument with a conical bore, which is sounded by a double-reed and is used as a tenor or bass line of the woodwind section of the orchestra or chamber ensemble. Quite long evolution of bassoon begins in 1525 with instrument called Phagotum. This instrument is followed by dulcian made of one wooden part, through bassoon of the classical and romantic period, which was made from more joints, to the modern shape of instrument, which is known from first half of 19th century. In this time two main types of bassoon were established: French type (with subtle construction, softer sound and easier reaching of upper register) and German type (robust with a dark homogenous sound mainly in low register). German type, which now dominates in the whole world, was designed especially by Carl Almenraeder (1786 ? 1843) and Johann Adam Heckel (1812 ? 1877). Modern bassoon is made of maple wood and consists of five joints: bell, bass joint, butt, wing joint and bocal. As a sixth joint can we eventually count in a double-reed. In contemporary praxis there exist two sizes of the instrument: bassoon and contrabassoon, sounding one octave lower. The most significant German-bassoon producers before Second World War were beyond Heckel also German firms Adler, Hüller, Kohlert, Mollenhauer and Mönnig. Current main producers of this bassoon type are: Amati (Czech Republic), Bell (Canada), Fox (USA), Heckel (Germany), Mönnig-Adler (Germany), Moosmann (Germany), Püchner (Germany), Schreiber (Germany), Takeda (Japan), Walter (Germany), Wolf (Germany) and Yamaha (Japan). French type of bassoon was formerly produced by Mahillon (Belgium), Boosey & Hawkes (England) and Morton (England). In these days it?s made only by Buffet-Crampon (France) and Selmer (France). Except for these producers wide range of historical replika?s can be mentioned. The most important are for example: Olivier Cottet, Laurent and Vergeat (Francie), Moeck, Rainer Weber and Guntram Wolf (Germany), Matthew Dart, John Hanchet, Graham Lyndon-Jones and Barbara Stanley (Great Britain), Peter de Robinson and Konningh (Holland), Robert Cronin and Ross (USA).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.063 | 0.007 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".