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Record W7146040452

Income Tax Reform 1987 in Canada: The Changing Tax Burden Structures of Income Class and Generation

2014· article· ja· W7146040452 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
ヨシロウ ヒロセ

Bibliographic record

VenueInstitutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) · 2014
Typearticle
Languageja
FieldSocial Sciences
TopicCanadian Policy and Governance
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsState income taxTax reformGross incomeIncome taxDividend taxInternational taxationIndirect taxValue-added tax
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

本稿の目的は、87年税制改革後の所得階層・世代別租税負担構造の変化を改名することである。本稿の分析結果によれば、所得課税後のジニ係数の低下や所得税の平準化係数の上昇により経済的不平等は是正され、所得税による所得再分配機能は強化されたと考えられる。次に、全世帯の所得階層別に所得税負担率を計算したところ、全体として負担率の低下がみられた。また87年白書(1987年税制改革白書)の予測値と筆者の実測値を比較検討した。その結果、所得税減税は87年白書ほどの減税額にならなかったものの、減税は広く行き渡っており、各個人は所得税減税の影響を受けたと言える。とりわけ87年白書では、低―中所得層の減税を謳い、一方で高所得者に対する増税を意図していたために、前者の目標はある程度達成できたと考えられる。 他方、後者に当たる所得の高い層では、所得税負担割合の増加から一部増税となったのである。これは、所得税に係る課税ベースを侵食していた各種控除の廃止または縮減をしたためである。また、高齢者に対しては減税を見込んでいたが、実際には高齢者の中で減税となった人もいれば、増税となった人もいた。これは、高齢者に有利な投資税額控除の廃止、利子・配当所得控除の廃止等々の租税優遇措置の縮減で課税ベースが拡大され、課税が強化されたためである。 87年所属税改革は、特に青年層、老年層の垂直的公平性を高めたが、同じ理由でまたこれらの層の水平的公平性も高めたと考えられる。

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.962
Threshold uncertainty score0.953

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.245
Teacher spread0.231 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2014
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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