Bibliographic record
Abstract
he winter 2006-2007 period experienced varied weather.Starting very cold in December, it quickly changed to unseasonably mild temperatures later in the month that persisted into January The mild weather encouraged some birds to linger, resulting in record-breaking totals for some species on the Christmas Bird Counts, especially in waterfowl.Unusual for the north, open water remained well into January It looked like we would not have a winter, but by mid-January, more seasonable weather arrived and remained until the end of the period.Northern species such as owls, waxwings, and finches stayed in the north for the most part due to an abundant food resources.However, a light incursion of American Three-toed Woodpeckers into the south continued from the fall, especially in Algonquin Park.As well, both species of crossbills put in a good showing at Algonquin, where the cone crop was excellent.Some species such as Greater White-fronted Goose, Ross's Goose, Turkey Vulture, and Golden Eagle continue to be reported more regularly during the winter months.Species in boldface are subject to review by the Ontario Bird Records Committee (O.B.R.C.).Abbreviations: G.T.A. (Greater Toronto Area), K.EN.(Kingston Field Naturalists), P E. Pt. (Prince Edward Point), EPB.A. (Point Pelee Birding Area), S.C.N.W.A. (St.Clair National Wildlife Area), s. 1. (sewage lagoon).Place names in italics refer to districts and regional municipalities as well as to counties.WATERFOWL ported throughout the period: up to 17 birds were found throughout the province, including 4 on the Cedar Creek C.B.C. at Kingsville, Essex 16 Dec (ACP, DJW).One for the Midwinter Waterfowl Survey was an unexpected find and provided a new area winter record at Cedar Springs, Chatham-Kent 7 Jan (KJB).Greater Snow Geese were in unprecedented numbers in e. Ontario in Dec.At least 30,000 were near Casselman, Prescott-Russell mid-25 Dec (m.ob.).Ross's Geese sightings continue to increase, and this species will no longer require documentation after 2006.Several were reported in the sw., with Chatham-Kent topping the list: 3 were on the Rondeau/Blenheim C.B.C. 17 Dec, with 2 at Ridgetown (JTB) and one at Blenheim (KJB).One remained at Ridgetown until at least 20 Dec (BAM).A single was on L. Simcoe at Keswick, Simcoe 21 Dec (ph.KD) and another at the base of Kettle Pt., Lambton 21-22 Dec (AHR).Waterfowl surveys 7 Jan recorded 3 Rossg Geese at the Harwich Gravel Pits in Chatham-Kent (JTB) and one at Kingsville, Essex (ACP, DJW).Two Brant at Erieau, Chatham-Kent 7 Jan were a surprise for the waterfowl survey and provided the first winter record there in man), years (JTB).Two at Amherstberg, Essex 20 Jan may have been the same ones seen previously at Erieau (RHo).Late singles were at Amherst I. 9 Jan (K.EN.) and Ottawa 18 Dec (JR).A record-high count of 2600 Canada Geese for the PEB.A. was tallied 8-11 Feb from the Onion Fields to Hill-PEB.A. (DJW).The only Eurasian Wigeon reported during the period was one that wintered at Arehers! 1.3 Dec-31 Jan (KEN.).An apparent male "Brewer's Duck" (Mallard x Gadwall hybrid) was photographed a! Windsor, Essex 27Jan (PDP).Of the Green-winged Teal reported, one successfull), wintered at Mindemoya, Manitoulin throughout the period (CB, RH), while one at Ottawa 12Jan represented possibly only the 3rd winter record there (113).Only a few King Eiders were reported: a female-type was photographed on Georgian Bay off Wahnekewening Beach, Siretoe 16-17 Dec (RMcl, DHa, CHa, SH), and an imm.male was at Stone), Creek, Hamilton 3-7 Dec (DS et al.).A Surf Scoter off the Tip of Point Pelee 13 Jan was record late for the EEB.A. (PDP et al.).Harlequin Ducks were numerous throughout the period from Sarnia to Ottawa, involving at least 10 individuals.The most northerly was at Huntsville, Muskoka 14 Dec (RGT).Two Barrows Goldeneyes were reported at Oshawa, Durham 17 Dec (fide RP).Single males were at Stoney Creek 10 Dec (m.ob.), Presqu'isle EE 23 Jan+ (FH), and Ottawa through the period.There were three reports of male Common Goldeneye x Barrow's Goldeneye hybrids: off Stoney Creek through 27 Dec from the previous period (m.ob.); at the Leslie St. Spit, Toronto 17 Dec (fide Onb .J A hybrid reported with increasing frequency, this male"Brewer's Duck"(Mallard x Gadwall) was documented at Windsor, Essex County, Ontario 27 January 2007.Photograph by PauID.Pratt.man Marsh (AW).A Barnacle Goose was at Beamsville, Niagara 9 Dec-7 Jan (J&MF).Mallards were reported in record-high numbers on L. St. Clair during the Christmas count at S.C.N.W.A. 1 Jan.An estimated total of 35,800 eclipsed the previous high of 26,528 (fide PAW).A Blue-winged Teal at Hillman Marsh 23 Dec was record late for the birds); and at Ottawa 2 Dec (BDiL).An apparent Hooded Merganser x Common Goldeneye hybrid was at Toronto 1 Jan+ (JLa, DP, m.ob.), and another was on the Thames R. in London, Middlesex 4 Feb (JMcG).A female Hooded Merganser at Costdlo Cr. in Algonquin EE 1 Jan was the 2nd only Jan record for that area (AK,fide RGT).254 NORTH AMERICAN BIRDS Ontario Blake A. Mann he winter 2006-2007 period experienced varied weather.Starting very cold in December, it quickly changed to unseasonably mild temperatures later in the month that persisted into January The mild weather encouraged some birds to linger, resulting in record-breaking totals for some species on the Christmas Bird Counts, especially in waterfowl.Unusual for the north, open water remained well into January It looked like we would not have a winter, but by mid-January, more seasonable weather arrived and remained until the end of the period.Northern species such as owls, waxwings, and finches stayed in the north for the most part due to an abundant food resources.However, a light incursion of American Three-toed Woodpeckers into the south continued from the fall, especially in Algonquin Park.As well, both species of crossbills put in a good showing at Algonquin, where the cone crop was excellent.Some species such as Greater White-fronted Goose, Ross's Goose, Turkey Vulture, and Golden Eagle continue to be reported more regularly during the winter months.Species in boldface are subject to review by the Ontario Bird Records Committee (O.B.R.C.).Abbreviations: G.T.A. (Greater Toronto Area), K.EN.(Kingston Field Naturalists), P E. Pt. (Prince Edward Point), EPB.A. (Point Pelee Birding Area), S.C.N.W.A. (St.Clair National Wildlife Area), s. 1. (sewage lagoon).Place names in italics refer to districts and regional municipalities as well as to counties.WATERFOWL ported throughout the period: up to 17 birds were found throughout the province, including 4 on the Cedar Creek C.B.C. at Kingsville, Essex 16 Dec (ACP, DJW).One for the Midwinter Waterfowl Survey was an unexpected find and provided a new area winter record at Cedar Springs, Chatham-Kent 7 Jan (KJB).Greater Snow Geese were in unprecedented numbers in e. Ontario in Dec.At least 30,000 were near Casselman, Prescott-Russell mid-25 Dec (m.ob.).Ross's Geese sightings continue to increase, and this species will no longer require documentation after 2006.Several were reported in the sw., with Chatham-Kent topping the list: 3 were on the Rondeau/Blenheim C.B.C. 17 Dec, with 2 at Ridgetown (JTB) and one at Blenheim (KJB).One remained at Ridgetown until at least 20 Dec (BAM).A single was on L. Simcoe at Keswick, Simcoe 21 Dec (ph.KD) and another at the base of Kettle Pt., Lambton 21-22 Dec (AHR).Waterfowl surveys 7 Jan recorded 3 Rossg Geese at the Harwich Gravel Pits in Chatham-Kent (JTB) and one at Kingsville, Essex (ACP, DJW).Two Brant at Erieau, Chatham-Kent 7 Jan were a surprise for the waterfowl survey and provided the first winter record there in man), years (JTB).Two at Amherstberg, Essex 20 Jan may have been the same ones seen previously at Erieau (RHo).Late singles were at Amherst I. 9 Jan (K.EN.) and Ottawa 18 Dec (JR).A record-high count of 2600 Canada Geese for the PEB.A. was tallied 8-11 Feb from the Onion Fields to Hill-PEB.A. (DJW).The only Eurasian Wigeon reported during the period was one that wintered at Arehers! 1.3 Dec-31 Jan (KEN.).An apparent male "Brewer's Duck" (Mallard x Gadwall hybrid) was photographed a! Windsor, Essex 27Jan (PDP).Of the Green-winged Teal reported, one successfull), wintered at Mindemoya, Manitoulin throughout the period (CB, RH), while one at Ottawa 12Jan represented possibly only the 3rd winter record there (113).Only a few King Eiders were reported: a female-type was photographed on Georgian Bay off Wahnekewening Beach, Siretoe 16-17 Dec (RMcl, DHa, CHa, SH), and an imm.male was at Stone), Creek, Hamilton 3-7 Dec (DS et al.).A Surf Scoter off the Tip of Point Pelee 13 Jan was record late for the EEB.A. (PDP et al.).Harlequin Ducks were numerous throughout the period from Sarnia to Ottawa, involving at least 10 individuals.The most northerly was at Huntsville, Muskoka 14 Dec (RGT).Two Barrows Goldeneyes were reported at Oshawa, Durham 17 Dec (fide RP).Single males were at Stoney Creek 10 Dec (m.ob.), Presqu'isle EE 23 Jan+ (FH), and Ottawa through the period.There were three reports of male Common Goldeneye x Barrow's Goldeneye hybrids: off Stoney Creek through 27 Dec from the previous period (m.ob.); at the Leslie St. Spit, Toronto 17 Dec (fide Onb .J A hybrid reported with increasing frequency, this male"Brewer's Duck"(Mallard x Gadwall) was documented at Windsor, Essex County, Ontario 27 January 2007.Photograph by PauID.Pratt.man Marsh (AW).A Barnacle Goose was at Beamsville, Niagara 9 Dec-7 Jan (J&MF).Mallards were reported in record-high numbers on L. St. Clair during the Christmas count at S.C.N.W.A. 1 Jan.An estimated total of 35,800 eclipsed the previous high of 26,528 (fide PAW).A Blue-winged Teal at Hillman Marsh 23 Dec was record late for the birds); and at Ottawa 2 Dec (BDiL).An apparent Hooded Merganser x Common Goldeneye hybrid was at Toronto 1 Jan+ (JLa, DP, m.ob.), and another was on the Thames R. in London, Middlesex 4 Feb (JM
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.642 | 0.281 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".