'You have nothing if you have no rights’: Reiterations of communal freedom through Billy Bragg’s translation of The Internationale
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study undertakes an analysis of Billy Bragg’s translation of “The Internationale” as performed in 1989 at the Vancouver Folk Festival and featured on his 1990 album with the same title. The translator’s agency is examined through an exploration of textual features, including translation strategies, alongside metatextual factors, encompassing paratextual (presentation), extratextual (intention and purpose), and contextual parameters (socio-cultural and political elements). The concept of recontextualization is substantiated through two comparisons: (1) between the original 1871/1888 version (comprising lyrics by the Frenchman Eugène Pottier and music by the Belgian Pierre De Geyter) and Bragg’s new translation over a century later, and (2) between Bragg’s translation and earlier English translations. This multifaceted analysis provides insights into Bragg’s approach to rendering “The Internationale” into English, highlighting how the translator’s agency contributes to the translation’s recontextualisation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.020 | 0.026 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".