Numerical simulation method for hydraulic fracture pressure of perforated surrounding rock under hydraulic coupling
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A numerical simulation method for hydraulic fracture pressure of perforated surrounding rock under hydraulic coupling is proposed using the FVM based on the coupling theory of fluid flow of porous media and stress of surrounding rock. Firstly, considering the influences of the initial geo-stress and fluid flow in the perforated surrounding rock, the stress distribution of the surrounding rock is obtained through the coordinate conversion and superposition principle. Secondly, considering the stress sensitivity of permeability and porosity of surrounding rock, the fluid pressure field of perforated surrounding rock is determined through the fluid flow analysis. Finally, on the basis of discussing the fracture criteria for the perforated surrounding rock during hydraulic fracturing, a mechanical model for hydraulic fracture perforated surrounding rock considering hydraulic coupling is established. The flow equation and the stress equation are discretized by the finite volume method, and a numerical simulation method for hydraulic fracture under hydraulic coupling is proposed. The method realizes the coupling of fluid flow and stress of surrounding rock, which can accurately calculate the breakdown pressure and time of hydraulic fracture of perforated surrounding rock under hydraulic coupling, and can also accurately describe the fluid pressure field and permeability evolution of surrounding rock. The results illustrate that the stress sensitivity of permeability and porosity induces the more uniform distribution of fluid pressure, the permeability and fluid pressure near the well area increase, the seepage influence range expands, and the fracture pressure and time of surrounding rock decrease. The relevant results enrich the researches on breakdown mechanism of hydraulic fracture and also provide important reference for practical engineering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".