Systemic lupus erythematosus in Arab children. Differences and similarities with different ethnicities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To describe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) features among Arab children, and compare with cohorts from different ethnicities. METHODS: This retrospective analysis of all published English literature on SLE in Arab children was conducted in March 2013. The percentage and frequencies of the clinical and laboratory features were collected, and compared between different Arab countries as well as Caucasian and South East Asian cohorts. RESULTS: A total of 560 children from 5 Arab cohorts with an average age at diagnosis of 10 years; 7.7% of patients were diagnosed before the age of 5 years. Familial SLE was frequent. Most patients had major organ involvement. Renal involvement was diagnosed in 80%, while neuropsychiatric manifestations were seen in 30%. Immunosuppressive agents were commonly used. Beta cell depletion was recently introduced for refractory cases. The outcome of the disease could not be determined from the available data. However, 145 out of 300 patients had disease damage (52.6% Saudi and 43.9% Egyptian) with mean of 1.3 for Saudi and 0.93 for Egyptian. Forty patients died during the disease course due to infections and severe organ disease. CONCLUSION: Systemic lupus erythematosus is common in Arab children, particularly familial SLE. The manifestations observed in Arabs are comparable with previous reports. However, there is a noticeable difference in the damage accrual and mortality rate between Arab and Canadian studies, which might reflect the disease severity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".