Genetic and Phenotypic Differentiation in a Wood Warbler (genus Dendroica) Hybrid Zone
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Electrophoresis and mathematical models of clines were used to investigate the extent of genetic differentiation and the magnitudes of the evolutionary forces acting in a Dendroica c. coronata-D.c. auduboni (Aves: Parulidae) hybrid zone in the Canadian Rocky Mountains.Estimates of the genetic distance between the two taxa are comparable to the degree of genetic differentiation found among subspecies of other passerines.The normalized among-population component of genetic variance, as measured by F.•, is of the order of 0.01.This is similar to that found among populations of other species of birds.Thus, there is no evidence for extensive genetic differentiation or a "genetic revolution" between these two forms at the structural gene level.It is difficult to discriminate among alternative models for the origin of the phenotypic differences between the two taxa, but an allopatric origin in geographically isolated refugia during the Pleistocene is the most parsimonious interpretation of the available data.Secondary contact probably occurred approximately 7,500 yr ago.An investigation of the evolutionary forces responsible for the phenotypic differences between the two taxa suggests that the current width of the hybrid zone is completely consistent with a dynamic cline involving the diffusion of neutral alleles.If, instead, the cline is currently in gene flow-selection equilibrium, then the magnitude of selection against the traits of one morph in the range of the other may only be of the order of 10 4. In the absence of knowledge about the degree of dominance of alleles coding for the variable phenotypic characters, however, discrimination among alternative cline models is difficult.In any case, it is not necessary to invoke the existence of strong selective forces to explain the cline through this hybrid zone.Any selection for positive assortative mating would not be deterministic; hence, these taxa should be treated as subspecies.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".