Advances on the edible safety and biological activities of L-Ergothioneine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
L-Ergothioneine （L-EGT） is a histidine-derived compound widely present in edible mushrooms， certain legumes， animal organ meats， which must be obtained through dietary intake as it can’t be synthesized by humans. This review aims to evaluate the safety and health benefits of L-EGT based on a systematic literature assessment. Safety evaluations indicated an acute oral LD₅₀ >2 000 mg/（kg·BW）. In subchronic toxicity studies， the no-observed-adverse-effect level （NOAEL） was established at 800 mg/（kg·BW）， while subacute testing revealed no adverse effects even at the highest administered dose ［615-725 mg/（kg·BW）］. Additionally， all assessed genetic and reproductive/developmental toxicity endpoints were negative. Human studies have shown no adverse health effects associated with a daily L-EGT intake of up to 25 mg. In terms of health benefits， L-EGT exerts physiological effects primarily through antioxidant， anti-inflammatory， anti-apoptotic， autophagy-promoting， cognitive function improvement， metabolic disorders amelioration， and various organ injuries alleviation. Currently， L-EGT has been approved as a novel food ingredient in the EU and is regulated as a Generally Recognized as Safe （GRAS） substance in the US， while Japan and Canada also permit its use in foods or health products. In China， its application as a novel food ingredient was accepted for review in May 2024. In conclusion， based on available literature， L-EGT exhibits multiple health benefits at appropriate doses， indicating considerable potential for food applications. Future research should focus on long-term dietary safety and standardization of analytical methods to ensure its scientific-based application and regulation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".