Settlement organization and traits of material culture in the Malatya Plain along the Upper Euphrates between the end of the 3rd and the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC: patterns of change and elements of continuity
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This contribution aims at reconsidering the available data regarding the second half of the 3rd and the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC at the site of Arslantepe-Turkey, in relation to the Malatya plain and, more generally, the Upper Euphrates region. This time span is associated with the Early Bronze III and Middle Bronze Ages. The stratigraphic investigations carried out at Arslantepe and the survey projects carried out in the plain have allowed to identify an articulated organization of the settlements in the region. These studies are associated with climatological and environmental research, which made it possible to determine that a period of drought occurred at a local level between 2300 and 2200 BC. According to the outcomes of investigations on the ratio of stable carbon isotopes 12 and 13, around 2000 BC winter precipitation seem to have been more intense than the current one. Furthermore, the current summer dryness is less than or equal to the one recorded around 2200 BC. The problem is whether at the end of the 3rd and beginning of the 2nd millennium significant cultural and settlement pattern changes occurred in relation to climatic variables. Although climate variations have been preliminarily documented, the archaeological data regarding the Upper Euphrates actually tend to underline cultural and settlement continuity throughout the region, with a significant change only after the first quarter of the 2nd millennium BC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".