Postural control predicts neurodegeneration in mild cognitive decline
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Brain volume loss is commonly associated with advanced aging and neurodegeneration. In individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), deficits in postural control assessed with dynamic posturography have been associated with reduced brain volume. Postural control may be a predictive biomarker of cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. However, whether changes in postural control are associated with reductions in brain volume in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is not known. Objectives: 1) To investigate differences in postural control, using dynamic posturography, between MCI and cognitively normal (CN) older adults. 2) To investigate differences in brain volumes between MCI and CN older adults. 3) To explore associations between brain volume and postural control, using dynamic posturography, in both CN and MCI individuals. Methods: 18 MCI (Age =73.61+6.59 y; Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)=24.05+3.21) and 32 CN (Age =73.04+6.68 y; MoCA=26.52+2.62) older adults were tested. Structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess their total brain volume and the volume of discrete areas of the brain known to be involved in postural control, including the thalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, pallidus, nucleus accumbens, cerebellum and hippocampus. The sensory organization test (SOT), a test of dynamic posturography, was employed to assess postural control. Results: MCI individuals showed smaller regional and total brain volumes, but differences met statistical significance only in the postcentral region, and caudate and accumbens stuctures. Similarly, MCI individuals demonstrated poorer postural control (SOT score=64.18+13.35) than CN individuals (SOT score=69.41+10.69), but differences did not reach statistical significance (p=0.062). Correlations between total brain volume and the SOT score in the CN group were negligible (R2=0.24; p=0.24). In contrast, robust associations in the MCI group were found (R2=0.60; p=0.0079). Significance: Postural control assessed with dynamic posturography is strongly associated with total brain volume in people with MCI. Longitudinal studies should investigate the potential predictive value of postural control as a biomarker of neurodegeneration
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".