Analyse des limites juridiques à la liberté de manifester pacifiquement au Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis examines critically the most important restrictions placed on the right to peaceful demonstration in Canada. Protected by the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms as a matter of constitutional law, the right is limited by a network of civil and penal sanctions in such a way that, in practice, its exercise is considerably restricted. Firstly, the protection afforded to owners of land under the law of property excludes all peaceful demonstration on private property without permission of the owner. Tossed as it is into the street and onto the sidewalks, the activity may also be seen to disturb other interests protected by law in the public domain. It is not infrequent that injunctions are brought against peaceful demonstrations on the grounds that they disrupt public order, that they harm the economic interests of private parties, or that they are the occasion for mischief or damage to property. In addition to the limits that originate in the law of civil liability, peaceful demonstration is restricted by criminal law, in particular the prohibition against unlawful assemblies, which permits the police to exercise a control over a demonstration and to intervene in order to prevent anticipated outbursts. The rules relating to the infraction of unlawful assembly allow the authorities to disperse the demonstrators at the first sign of tension in what amounts to a willful confusion, by the legislature, between acts of protest and acts of violence. Overall, the scope of this network of civil and penal sanctions is such as to suggest that the right to peaceful demonstration is something of a false promise.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.020 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".