Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Painful temporomandibular disorder (TMD) is a serious public health problem. Chronic painful TMD is resistant to treatment and has substantial economic and social impacts. The accurate distinction between acute and chronic painful TMD is important to deliver proper and effective care to patients. However, we do not know how acute and chronic painful TMD differ regarding painful comorbidities.Objectives: The aims of this study were to compare the likelihood of back and neck pain between acute and chronic painful TMD as defined by (i) pain duration and (ii) pain-related disability.Methods: Acute (≤ 3 months) and chronic (> 3 months) painful TMD participants were recruited from four hospitals/clinics in Montreal and Ottawa, Canada in accordance with the Diagnostic Criteria of TMD. The presence of back and neck pain was assessed using a self-reported checklist. Chronic painful TMD based on pain-related disability (chronic-disability) was defined as having grade III or IV on the Graded Chronic Pain Scale. Patient Health Questionnaire-8 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 were used to self-report depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed.Results: This study enrolled 487 adults with painful TMD: acute (n = 118, 24.22%) and chronic (n = 369, 75.77%). Relative to acute painful TMD, the chronic group had almost twice the odds of reporting back or neck pain (odds ratio (OR) = 1.84, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.21 - 2.78). More specifically, neck pain was the comorbidity significantly associated (OR neck pain = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.27 - 3.71, OR back pain = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.57 - 1.64). Reporting both was not associated with chronic painful TMD (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.46 - 1.88).xParticipants with chronic-disability were twice as likely to report neck pain (OR = 1.95, 95%CI = 1.20 - 3.17), but not back pain (OR = 1.13, 95%CI = 0.69 - 1.82) compared to those without. All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, anxiety, and depression symptoms.Conclusions: The association of neck pain with chronic painful TMD suggests that central dysregulation mechanisms are implicated in the process of painful TMD chronification. The similar association of chronic-disability with neck pain highlights the relevance of considering disability when defining chronic painful TMD
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".