The prospective influence of childhood neighbourhood greenspace on loneliness during early adolescence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Loneliness during adolescence is a growing public health concern associated with adverse mental and physical health outcomes. While exposure to greenspace has been identified as a potential environmental determinant of social wellbeing, evidence of its putative impact on adolescent loneliness remains limited. This study investigated the prospective association between childhood greenspace exposure (age 5 months-10 years) and loneliness in early adolescence (ages 10-13), accounting for a range of confounding factors, and explored effect modification by sex and family socio-economic status. Methods: Data were drawn from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (n = 1481), a population-based prospective cohort of individuals born in 1997/98 in the Canadian province of Quebec. Average residential greenspace exposure from 5 months to 10 years was measured using annual mean Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) across buffer zones around residential postal codes (100m, 250m, 500m, 1000m) and values were expressed in interquartile units. Loneliness was assessed at ages 10, 12, and 13 using the UCLA Three-Item Loneliness Scale. A two-part hurdle model with a random intercept examined associations between greenspace and (1) presence of any loneliness and (2) severity of loneliness among those with non-zero scores. Models adjusted for sex, proportion of years in the study period lived in an urban area, family socioeconomic status, and neighborhood social/material deprivation. Results: Part 1 of the fully adjusted hurdle model showed that greenspace exposure was not associated with presence or absence of loneliness in early adolescence. In Part 2 of the fully adjusted model among early adolescents reporting loneliness, higher greenspace exposure was linked to lower severity of loneliness at 100m and 250m buffer distances (at 250m, mean ratio (MR): 0.95, 95% CI: 0.91, 1.00), but no association was found at 500m or 1000m buffers. Testing for effect modification revealed that neither sex or family SES moderated the relationship between childhood greenspace exposure and early adolescent loneliness. Conclusions: Childhood greenspace may buffer the severity of loneliness in early adolescence. Future research should explore mechanistic pathways of the putative effect of greenspace on loneliness and social connection and the integration of greenspace into broader strategies to support adolescent mental health
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".